Search results for "information Transfer"
showing 10 items of 48 documents
Improving Oral–Systemic Healthcare through the Interoperability of Electronic Medical and Dental Records: An Exploratory Study
2019
Objectives Electronic health records (EHRs) are rarely shared among medical and dental providers. The purpose of this study was to assess current information sharing and the value of improved electronic information sharing among physicians and dentists in Germany and the United States. Materials and Methods A survey was validated and distributed electronically to physicians and dentists at four academic medical centers. Respondents were asked anonymously about EHR use and the medical and dental information most valuable to their practice. Results There were 118 responses, a response rate of 23.2%. The majority (63.9%) of respondents were dentists and the remainder were physicians. Most res…
Measuring spectrally-resolved information transfer.
2020
Information transfer, measured by transfer entropy, is a key component of distributed computation. It is therefore important to understand the pattern of information transfer in order to unravel the distributed computational algorithms of a system. Since in many natural systems distributed computation is thought to rely on rhythmic processes a frequency resolved measure of information transfer is highly desirable. Here, we present a novel algorithm, and its efficient implementation, to identify separately frequencies sending and receiving information in a network. Our approach relies on the invertible maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) for the creation of surrogate data in t…
A Framework to Assess the Information Dynamics of Source EEG Activity and Its Application to Epileptic Brain Networks
2020
This study introduces a framework for the information-theoretic analysis of brain functional connectivity performed at the level of electroencephalogram (EEG) sources. The framework combines the use of common spatial patterns to select the EEG components which maximize the variance between two experimental conditions, simultaneous implementation of vector autoregressive modeling (VAR) with independent component analysis to describe the joint source dynamics and their projection to the scalp, and computation of information dynamics measures (information storage, information transfer, statistically significant network links) from the source VAR parameters. The proposed framework was tested on…
Local Granger causality
2021
Granger causality is a statistical notion of causal influence based on prediction via vector autoregression. For Gaussian variables it is equivalent to transfer entropy, an information-theoretic measure of time-directed information transfer between jointly dependent processes. We exploit such equivalence and calculate exactly the 'local Granger causality', i.e. the profile of the information transfer at each discrete time point in Gaussian processes; in this frame Granger causality is the average of its local version. Our approach offers a robust and computationally fast method to follow the information transfer along the time history of linear stochastic processes, as well as of nonlinear …
Information transfer determined by association of neighbours in European bee-eater (Merops apiaster) colonies
2007
The Information Centre Hypothesis (ICH) and the Two-Strategies Hypothesis (TSH) predict that foraging success is enhanced by information exchanged among individuals within a colony or roost. Nest location within a colony may be critical in this regard, as individuals with abundant, nearby neighbours likely have greater access to information regarding a new food resource than relatively isolated breeders. To determine how the availability of neighbours influences information transfer, we quantified foraging success in a population of European bee-eaters (Merops apiaster) provided with a honey bee (Apis mellifera) hive as a new food resource. To quantify potential information transfer we deve…
The signaling effects of central bank tone
2021
Abstract Does policymakers’ choice of words matter? We assess empirically whether the tone of FOMC statements contains useful information for financial market participants and explore the nature of the information conveyed. We quantify central bank tone using computational linguistics. We find that the tone of FOMC statements explains monetary surprises beyond FOMC information released on policy announcement days such as policymakers’ forecasts and votes. We also find that the FOMC tone matters more around monetary cycle turning points. We show that the tone of policy statements also helps predict future policy decisions. Our findings suggest that the central bank tone may be one of the veh…
Information-based detection of nonlinear Granger causality in multivariate processes via a nonuniform embedding technique
2010
We present an approach, framed in information theory, to assess nonlinear causality between the subsystems of a whole stochastic or deterministic dynamical system. The approach follows a sequential procedure for nonuniform embedding of multivariate time series, whereby embedding vectors are built progressively on the basis of a minimization criterion applied to the entropy of the present state of the system conditioned to its past states. A corrected conditional entropy estimator compensating for the biasing effect of single points in the quantized hyperspace is used to guarantee the existence of a minimum entropy rate at which to terminate the procedure. The causal coupling is detected acc…
An Information-Theoretic Framework to Map the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Scalp Electroencephalogram
2016
We present the first application of the emerging framework of information dynamics to the characterization of the electroencephalography (EEG) activity. The framework provides entropy-based measures of information storage (self entropy, SE) and information transfer (joint transfer entropy (TE) and partial TE), which are applied here to detect complex dynamics of individual EEG sensors and causal interactions between different sensors. The measures are implemented according to a model-free and fully multivariate formulation of the framework, allowing the detection of nonlinear dynamics and direct links. Moreover, to deal with the issue of volume conduction, a compensation for instantaneous e…
Lag-specific transfer entropy as a tool to assess cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory information transfer
2014
In the study of interacting physiological systems, model-free tools for time series analysis are fundamental to provide a proper description of how the coupling among systems arises from the multiple involved regulatory mechanisms. This study presents an approach which evaluates direction, magnitude, and exact timing of the information transfer between two time series belonging to a multivariate dataset. The approach performs a decomposition of the well-known transfer entropy (TE) which achieves 1) identifying, according to a lag-specific information-theoretic formulation of the concept of Granger causality, the set of time lags associated with significant information transfer, and 2) assig…
Systematic Analysis of Readability of Patient Information on Internet Pages from Departments for Trauma Surgery of German University Hospitals
2020
The need-based information transfer in education as well as for the recruitment of patients becomes more and more relevant. Here, the internet has emerged as an increasingly important factor in recent years and therefore information pages on hospital homepages can be very helpful. However, it is known that basic text comprehension skills are lacking among large populations.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the readability of the patient information available on the websites of trauma departments of German university hospitals. For this purpose, a search for information material on 10 different diagnoses was carried out. Out of 360 texts possible, 185 were found and assigned to 2 …